An experiment on ‘cute’ vowels in Japanese

Authors

  • Gakuji Kumagai Kansai University, Japan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36505/TheLinguisticProceedings/2025/17/02/009/000695

Keywords:

babyishness, cuteness, familiarity, sound symbolism, vowels

Abstract

This study experimentally examined which vowels can be associated with cuteness, or kawaii, in Japanese, from the perspective of sound symbolism. The results showed that /a, i/ were more likely to be perceived as ‘cuter’ than /u, e, o/ (when the surrounding consonants are all obstruents). To explain this result, I presented the babyishness and familiarity hypotheses.

References

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Jakobson, R. 1941. Kindersprache, Aphasie und allgemeine Lautgesetze. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell.

Kumagai, G. 2022. What’s in a Japanese kawaii ‘cute’ name? A linguistic perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1040415.

Nittono, H. 2016. The two-layer model of ‘kawaii’: A behavioural science framework for understanding kawaii and cuteness. East Asian Journal of Popular Culture, 2, 79-95.

R Project for Statistical Computing

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Schmitz, D., Cicek, D., Nguyen, A.K., Rottleb, D. 2023. Cuteness modulates size sound symbolism at its extremes. Open Linguistics, 9, 20220257.

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Published

01-12-2025

How to Cite

An experiment on ‘cute’ vowels in Japanese. (2025). Linguistic Proceedings Series, 17(2), 33-36. https://doi.org/10.36505/TheLinguisticProceedings/2025/17/02/009/000695

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